What is TDIU (Total Disability based on Individual Unemployability)?

Q: What is TDIU (Total Disability based on Individual Unemployability)?

TDIU is a VA benefit that pays at the 100% rate when a veteran cannot maintain substantially gainful employment because of service-connected conditions, even if the schedular rating is below 100%. Under 38 CFR § 4.16(a), the schedular threshold is one disability at 60% or two or more disabilities combining to 70% with at least one at 40%. Under § 4.16(b), veterans who don't meet those thresholds can still qualify on an extraschedular basis if the evidence supports it.

Last verified July 1, 2026 · Reviewed by Esteban Magallon, VA-Accredited Claims Agent

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'Substantially gainful' generally means income above the federal poverty threshold for one person; sheltered or marginal employment does not disqualify.
The rater must consider TDIU whenever the record raises the issue — you do not have to file a separate claim, though VA Form 21-8940 is the formal path.

This is general educational information about VA claims — not legal or medical advice. Individual outcomes depend on the record. Oakridge Claims is a private VA-Accredited Claims Agent practice and is not affiliated with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

What is TDIU (Total Disability based on Individual Unemployability)?

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